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Every tooth has two sections: a crown, the visible part of the tooth above the gum line, and one or more roots, which anchor the teeth within the jaw. Each tooth has three basic layers: an outer layer of hard enamel (which protects the crown) or cementum (which covers the root), a middle layer of softer dentin, and inside the center of the tooth, the pulp.
Pulp is living tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. It’s found in the pulp chamber within the crown and in the root canals that lead from the pulp chamber to the tip of each root.
When tooth pulp is infected or dying, it can’t be restored. Without prompt treatment, tooth extraction is often necessary. Moreover, an infection in the pulp can spread to the gum tissue, the jawbone, and other parts of the body. A root canal procedure can prevent tooth loss and more widespread infection by removing infected pulp tissue and restoring the integrity of the tooth structure.